The United States Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, overturned the Federal Election Commission's "Millionaires' Amendment" on Thursday. The Amendment was passed in 2002 as part of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BRCA), also known as the McCain-Feingold law, to "level electoral opportunities." It stipulated that if a United States House candidate spends more then $350,000 of his or her own money, his or her opponent may accept triple the FEC-mandated $2,300-per-donor limit per
election. In the case of U.S. Senate candidates, the donor-limit may be increased based on their state's population.
The Amendment was challenged by a New York
Democrat Jack Davis, who has run and lost the previous two election cycles for a U.S. House seat in that state. Between his races in 2004 and 2006, Davis spent $4 million of his own finances, triggering the Amendment's provisions. Davis is running again this year and expects to spend $3 million of his own money on this campaign.
During his 2006 run, Davis filed suit to overturn the Amendment. Davis argued that by allowing his opponents to raise money above the usual contribution limits, the Amendment diminished his First Amendment right to unfettered political speech.
The Court agreed, stating that "while the BCRA does not impose a cap on a candidate's expenditure of personal funds, it imposes an unprecedented penalty on any candidate who robustly exercises that First Amendment right, requiring him to choose between the right to engage in unfettered political speech and subjection to discriminatory fundraising limits." The Court concluded that it would be an unfair advantage to place limitations on a self-financed candidate but extend limits for his or her opponent.
Led by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, this is the third time that this court has considered
campaign finance law and the third time that the law in question has been struck down or found to be unconstitutional as applied to a particular group of people.
These significant decisions signal the strong conservative leaning of the court as it has limited Congress's ability to limit campaign contributions to prevent "corruption or the appearance of corruption."
View the Federal Elections Commission's definition of the Millionaires' Amendment
here.
View the NPR article
here.
WRITTEN BY KATIE KENNEDY- Law Clerk Zakhem/Atherton, LLC.